Лексико-грамматические единицы

Грамматическая тема

Пример употребления в предложении

was

был;

The verb Be: Present Simple. Спряжение глагола (прошедшее время ед. ч. гл. to be) 

A simple, sensitive, and rapid method for the simultaneous quantification of montelukast, gliclazide, and nifedipine in human plasma was developed and validated.

wasn't

не было;

The verb contraction: сокращение, разг. = was not.

After an extensive literature survey of constituents reported in Aconitum species and after exclusion of components found in the blank controls of solvents used for processing, we found 5 unknown compounds whose identity wasn’t confirmed.

we

мы;

Personal Pronouns; the 1st Person pl.: 

Личные местоимения; 1-е лицо. Множественное число.

We improved the relative enzyme loading capacity of the microsomal nanobioreactors that greatly facilitated metabolic study on the whole extract of PCR.

we'd

мы бы;

мы уже;

Contraction:

Cокращение разг. = we had, we should, we would.

With the help of molecular docking, we’d achieved a preliminary understanding of the mechanism of the two new compounds (1-2)' NA inhibitory activity.

well

хорошо;

вполне;

правильно;

отлично;

значительно;

очень;

хороший;

1.Adverb: Наречие

2.The Adjective: Имя прилагательное

Particle tracking microrheology starts with the imaging experiments and the image treatment in a strict sense, however, obtaining particle trajectories from video microscopy is well described in the literature.

Following the ‘EURACHEM’ guidelines concentration of lead C(M Pb) in the stock solution has been evaluated using gravimetry as a well one electro-gravimetry technique by following equation.

we'll

мы будем;

Contraction:

Cокращение разг. = we shall, we will.

We’ll summarize the latest developments for our protein-ligand docking software PLANTS (Protein-Ligand ANT System).

were

были;

The verb be: Спряжение глагола (прошедшее время мн. ч. гл. to be) 

All the synthesized compounds were fully characterized by spectroscopic and analytical techniques.

we're

мы;

мы есть;

Contraction:

Cокращение разг. = we are.

Inspired by a recent technique developed to compare molecular shapes, we’re designing a hybrid methodology to simplify this action.

weren't

не было;

Contraction:

Cокращение разг. = were not. 

The samples reported weren’t the only ones prepared, but they are representative of the changes observed in the presence of Alq3.

we've

у нас;

мы уже; 

Contraction:

Cокращение разг. = we have.

In the past, we’ve attempted to deal with some unsolved challenges in this arena by introducing chiral tridentate phosphine-diamine/Ru catalysts.

what

что;

какой;

как;

каков;

что;

1.Pronouns:Mестоимения

2.Conjunction: Союз

The main difference between these different types of candies is whether sugar crystals form and, if so, what their size is.

So how do sugar crystals form, and what causes them to have different sizes when the syrup is cooled down, is the question we are going to answer.

whatever

все что;

никакой;

хоть что-нибудь;

какой-либо;

какой-нибудь;

любой;

все равно;

всё что;

что бы ни;

1.Pronouns:Mестоимения

2.Conjunction: Союз

3.The Adjective: Имя прилагательное

Dyes — coloring materials that are applied as a solution and cling to whatever they are applied to (e.g., textiles, hair, wood, food) — can be used for decorative, aesthetic, and artistic purposes.

There are several types of steam cookers employed in the final cook, but whatever the method care must be taken to achieve the requisite separation of the potato cells with a minimum of rupture.

Whatever their origin, the wastes containing these metals all end up being funneled through wastewater treatment plants, where she says many metals end up in the leftover solid waste.

when

когда;

хотя;

когда, если;

как только;

тогда как;

в то время как;

несмотря на;

1.Adverb: Наречие

2.Conjunction: Союз 

When a sugar crystal is added to a cup of water, some sucrose molecules separate from the crystal while others join the crystal.

But when a soda can warm up a bit or when the can is shaken, that extra gas is really ready to come out.

where

где;

куда;

где, туда;

туда где;

туда куда;

1.Adverb: Наречие

2.Conjunction: Союз 

The cells are viewed at higher magnification using a light microscope, where unstained cells reflect the total number of viable cells recovered from a given treatment.

The ether extract was washed with 20 ml distilled water in two fractions and then the ethereal layer was let to evaporate at room temperature where a colorless oily residue appeared of 4-(ethyl [2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-methylethyl] amino) butan-1-ol (mebOH).

whereas

тогда как;

в то время как;

принимая во внимание;

поскольку;

несмотря на то, что;

Conjunction: Союз

Combinations of low energy normal modes are used to guide a simulation pathway, whereas an efficient constraints correction approach is applied to generate stereochemically allowed conformations.

whether

который;

ли;

1.Pronouns:Mестоимения

2.Conjunction: Союз 

Thus, the user has a clear, immediate appreciation whether similar compounds were included developing the models and how accurate were their predictions.

Whether the parameters of a second conformation and the relative populations at each temperature are optimized during each of the 3600 runs is again determined by the user's choice.

whether or

действительно ли;

ли; 

Conjunction: Союз 

The goal of this study was to assess whether or not commonly employed measures of diversity reasonably characterize benchmark dataset composition.

which

какой;

который;

что;

каковой;

кто;

1.Pronouns: Mестоимения

2.Conjunction: Союз

Biodiesel is obtained by the transesterification reaction of triglycerides, which are derived from vegetable oils or animal fats, with short chain alcohols (methanol, ethanol, and propanol) to obtain a mixture of alkyl esters and glycerol as by-product.

Ammonia is a ubiquitous chemical substance, which is created in technical and biological processes and harmful to many different organisms.

while

в то время как;

время, промежуток времени;

1.Conjunction: Союз.

2.Noun: Имя существительное

While the exact mechanism of these effects requires further evaluation, our preliminary results point to hormone receptor modulation activity.

Substances such as metal, glass and glazed tiles are generally impervious to sulfur mustard, although painted surfaces may take it up for a while and then release it later.

who

кто;

который;

те, кто;

тот, кто;

1.Pronouns:Mестоимения

2.Conjunction: Союз

Genome sequences between several human individuals can vary drastically, so it is often impossible to predict from the DNA-sequence alone who will be susceptible to a disease and who will remain healthy.

This could be especially important in developing countries with nascent pharmaceutical industries, who may synthesize and sell their own diclofenac formulations.

whoever

кто бы ни;

который бы ни;

Indefinite pronouns: Неопределенные местоимения

Whoever working in or entering the laboratory should be able to understand the control measures that have been identified for the hazards.

whom

кого;

кому;

которого;

Pronouns; Third Person sing/pl. Objective case who.

Личные местоимения; 3-е лицо. Объектный падеж who.

The researchers developed a small, breath-diagnostic array based on flexible gold-nanoparticle sensors for use in an “electronic nose” — it was tested on breath samples from 43 volunteers, 17 of whom had cancer — showed an accuracy rate of 82 percent.

whose

чьи;

чей;

чья;

чье; 

Possessive Pronouns:
Притяжательные  местоимения

Heteronuclear diatomic molecules and all gases whose molecules have three or more atoms are greenhouse gases.

why

зачем;

отчего;

почему;

1.Adverb: Наречие

2.Conjunction: Союз 

There are only a few things you need to know, some of which are probably already familiar, to understand the basic idea of the greenhouse effect and why it is so important for the Earth.

In an animal study, scientists now report in Journal of Proteome Research the metabolic reasons why these opposite diets may lead to such differences in longevity.

wide

широкий;

большой;

обширный;

просторный;

размашистый;

широко открытый;

такой-то ширины;

широко;

далеко;

повсюду;

1.Adverb: Наречие.

2.The Adjective: Имя прилагательное.  

Careers in the paints, coatings, and adhesives sector offer a wide variety of entry points: basic or applied research, product development, customer support, health and safety, environmental regulatory compliance, and sustainable manufacturing practices.

Using a 12-inch wide glass "burning lens," he focused sunlight on a lump of reddish mercuric oxide in an inverted glass container placed in a pool of mercury.

widely

широко;

далеко;

Adverb: Наречие

Researchers have cast their nets widely to identify the chemistry of pheromones, and often, the results are surprising.

will

будет;

воля;

желание;

завещание;

волеизъявление;

1.The auxiliary verb: Вспомогательный глагол

2.Noun: Имя существительное

Increasing efforts to fight global warming by cutting fossil fuel burning will help cut air pollution, not least because the rollout of electric cars is finally gathering pace.

Half the early deaths result from indoor cooking with smoky fuels, a problem linked closely to poverty and readily solved, if the will and means exist.

The Nobel Prize in chemistry is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry and is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895.

will be

будет;

The verb to be: Спряжение глагола

to be.

There will be a little dissolving in the alcohol but not nearly as much as in the water.

will have

будет;

The verb to have: Спряжение глагола to have. 

A single laboratory may be involved in 5-10 projects, and the scientists will have varying degrees of responsibility for each project.

with

с;

вместе с;

от;

Preposition: Предлог

Geochemists describe themselves as people with a propensity for solving puzzles and with a natural curiosity about the Earth and its composition.

within

в;

в пределах;

в течение;

внутри;

не далее как;

внутренняя сторона;

1.Preposition: Предлог

2.Adverb: Наречие

3.Noun: Имя существительное

Spectroscopy was used to identify phosphate complexes adsorbed within the three-dimensional network of mesoporous γ-alumina at pH 4.1 and 9.0.

Nano-thermometers show first temperature response differences within living cells.

Shatter proof glass was invented by chance when a French chemist Edouard Benedictus knocked a glass flask to the ground which hadn't shatter, as it had contained a type of liquid plastic that had evaporated and left a thin film on the within.

without

без;

вне;

за;

если не;

без того, чтобы;

снаружи;

наружная сторона;

1.Preposition: Предлог

2.Adverb: Наречие

3.Noun: Имя существительное

The film had a clean, compact, smooth and continuous surface without grainy and porous structures. 

All the samples have directly been introduced in the microscope sample chamber without any further preparation.

If the without of the flask is not dried after the evaporating the liquid, will the unknown calculated molecular weight be too high or too low?

won't

не будет;

Contraction:

Cокращение разг. = will not. 

It won’t be possible to correlate the test results with chemical composition of fractions.

would

бы;

хотел бы;

1.The auxiliary verb: Вспомогательный глагол

2.Modal verbs: Модальные глаголы

Due to the vast importance of peptides in biological processes, there would inevitably appear an escalating need for synthetic peptides to be used in a wide variety of applications.

Graphene oxide composites with photocatalysts being in special conditions would exhibit better properties than pure photocatalysts via improvement of their textural and electronic properties.

wouldn't

не будет;

Contraction:

Cокращение разг. = would not.  

Therefore, it wouldn’t be really possible to determine the correct activation energy from a single non-isothermal curve.