Economics and Management |Економіка та Mенеджмент (IЕМ)
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Read and Write! |Читати і Писати!
▼Прочитати Article of the Day і написати відгук на прочитане.
Створення аудіозапису переказа текстa є обов'язковим! 100 слів тексту! Не більше. Поділіться посиланням в своєму пості! Обговоріть тут: Гостьова книга вашого інституту English Only!
Speaking! |Mовлення, говорити!
▼Oral summary rendering of the text is a must! | Усний стислий переказ тексту
Listen and Pronounce! |Слухати і Bимовляти!
Train the Pronunciation, memorize Phrases and Summary rendering of the Article
of the Day!
Тренуйте вимову, запам’ятовуйте Фрази та стислий переказ тексту
Cатті дня!:
Enter the text, choose a voice and click "Play" to listen.
|Введіть ваш текст, виберіть голос і натисніть кнопку «Play», щоб прослухати.
Read, memorize Phrases and Articles of the Day Summary and write a review of what you read.
|Прочитати, запам’яти Phrases and Articles of the Day Summary і написати відгук на прочитане.
Створення аудіозапису є обов'язковим! |Oral summary rendering of the text is a must!
English Only!
How to...
▼ Final Test paper |Контрольна робота випускного іспиту.
Graduate Exam Specialty Topics | Tеми випускного іспиту за фахом Oral summary rendering of the text is a must! |Створення аудіозапису є обов'язковим! |
English Only! Тільки англійська! Share it as a link in Your post in the GuestBook! #1 Exam Task |Eкзаменаційнe завдання №1
Specialty Text Summarizing |Складання анотації, короткого викладу тексту за фахом Make Test results photo. |Сделайте фото результатов теста (Фамилия. Группа. Фамилия преподавателя - это имя фото) Share it as a link in Your post in the GuestBook! |Поделитесь ссылкой на аудио и изображение в своем посте!
▼Explore Graduate Exam Topics | Ознайомтеся з темами випускного іспиту
Talk about the topic concepts (100 words). |Створення аудіозапису переказа текстa є обов'язковим! English Only! Online voice recorder ©Vocaroo is a quick and easy way to share voice messages over the interwebs. Create simple and quick audio recordings. Share it as a link in Your post in the GuestBook!
Topics for the Graduate Exam
051 Economics Specialization: Economics of Enterprises Computer and information technologies in economic activity The production process. National productivity growth. Capital as a factor of production. Primary forms of intangibles. Capacity utilization in economic statistics. Definitions of potential output. Types of unemployment. Types of Business Plans. Goals and objectives in financial planning. A budget. Depreciation in economics. Econometrics. Regression methods. Two functions of economic models” Steps of modeling process. Economic globalization. Austerity. Capital flight. Kinds of financial markets. Economics as a particular way of understanding behavior. 051 Economics Specialization: Economic cybernetics Economics is not a descriptive science. Information and the Decision-Making Process. Three types of programs. Goal-Seeking Systems. The goals and interests of different people. Economic Module. The goal of a Social System. A theory of economic information. Cybernetics in Economics. The useful basic concepts to cybernetic view. The most important tasks of economics. Algorithms. Designing of economic systems. Conditioned and unconditioned reflexes systems. The meaning of Social progress. The use of deliberate distortion. The interpretation of Input-Output model. The Marxists` concept. The needs of a theory of economic information. Human capacities. 075 Marketing Marketing activities. An exchange. Total quality management. Macromarketing. Micromarketing. A market-directed economy: advantages and disadvantages. A marketing mix. Price wars. A communication mix. Product development. Green pricing. Green Product. Introduction as a stage in the product life cycle. Growth as a stage in the product life cycle. Maturity as a stage in the product life cycle. Decline as a stage in the product life cycle. Packaging strategies. Labeling. Marketing planning in different types of organizations. Evaluating the forecast. 073 Management Specialization: Management of foreign economic activity Management of foreign economic activity. Business planning. International marketing. Strategic management. International credit settlement and currency transactions. Recording and analysis of economic activity. Customs regulation of foreign economic activity. Investment management. International law. Banking. Management of international trade. Competition in foreign market. Foreign direct investment. Business language. Approaches in international management. Expropriation. Types of licensing. International brands. FX functions. Over-the-counter market. 073 Management Specialization: Organizations and administration management Business administration Tourism and hospitality management Management is an important area of study. Small business management. Public sector management. Five conventional approaches to management. The evolution of management thought. Management by objectives. Trends in corporate planning. Objectives and the planning process. Organizing is an important managerial function. Basic departmentalization formats. Design variables available to organizers. Strategic thinking. Major steps of strategic management. Forecasts in management. Major characteristics of organizations. Traditional and modern views of organizations. Bureaucracy. Staffing. Performance appraisals. Human Resource Management. 071 Accounting and Auditing What is accounting. Managerial accounting. Transactions. Financial accounting. Bookkeeping is an important part of accounting. Auditing. An audit is a process for testing the accuracy of information. How do auditors perform their duties? Concept of audit stages. Responsibilities of accounting clerks. Auditing clerks are an organization`s financial recordkeepers. Auditor's planning activities. Concept of the audit objective. Explanation of the meaning “Audit objective”. Financial statements are simply a collection of assertions. Concept of a management assertions. Audit risk concepts. Components of audit risk. Audit risk model. 076 Entrepreneurship, trade and exchange activities Income distribution process. Productivity. Productivity studies. Factors of production. Fixed capital is a concept in economics and accounting. Intangible assets. What is capacity utilization. Labour force. Several types of unemployment. A strategic plan for an enterprise. Establishing organizational goals and objectives. Budgeting for financial needs. Types of business plan. Main processes of a company. Ways of productivity increasing. Fixed capital in national accounts. The financial planning activity. Budgeting process. Depreciation and amortization. Basic tool for econometrics. 281 Public management and administration Public management. The nature of management. Motivation theories. Conventional approaches to management. Four dynamics of organizational communication. Key staffing activities. Organizational classifications. Traditional and modern views of organizations. Strategic thinking. The strategic management process. Basic departmentalization formats. Management by objectives. Planning and decision making. Human factor in management. Cost benefit analysis. Innovation as a strategy in network markets. Organizational security. diversity management in the age of globalization. Risk management.
Click and listen!
Your last name. Group. Surname of the Lecturer! - this is the name of the photo.
Ваше Прізвище. Група. Прізвище викладача! - це ім'я фото
▼Make Test results photo. |Зробіть фото результатів тесту.
Specialty Topics
Macroeconomics, microeconomics, economics of quality; Макроэкономика, микроэкономика, экономика качества;
Enterprise economy; Экономика предприятия;
Organization of production; Организация производства;
Planning of the company; Планирование деятельности предприятия;
Economic analysis; Экономический анализ;
Technical and economic analysis; Технико-экономический анализ;
Project analysis; Проектный анализ;
Investment activities; Инвестиционная деятельность;
Innovation activity; Инновационная деятельность;
Business strategy; Стратегия предприятия;
Finance companies, logistics, marketing; Финансы предприятия, логистика маркетинг;
Economic rationale for business decisions; Экономическое обоснование хозяйственных решений;
Accounting and statistics; Бухгалтерский учет и статистика;
International economics; Международная экономика;
Management Менеджмент.
Tetyana Rylova OS-221 (Duvanskaya I.F.) (Sunday, 04 June 2023 19:15)
https://voca.ro/17fgWTtR4Jvs
In the vast realm of travel, wholesalers quietly thrived. They were the invisible threads connecting suppliers and retailers, tirelessly securing the best deals. Negotiating with airlines, hotels, and tour operators, they procured travel products at wholesale prices. Their expertise curated enticing packages and itineraries, catering to the desires of travelers. While their work went unnoticed, their impact was immense. They breathed life into dreams, orchestrating seamless experiences. From exotic escapes to thrilling adventures, wholesalers were the unsung heroes, crafting unforgettable journeys. With each transaction, they wove the fabric of the travel industry, ensuring that wanderers could explore the world and create cherished memories.
Tetyana Rylova OS-221 (Duvanskaya I.F.) (Sunday, 04 June 2023 18:35)
Retail Travel Agency https://voca.ro/1dfyR9OFiMMV
In the heart of a bustling city, a retail travel agency stood as a haven for wanderlust souls. The shelves were adorned with glossy brochures, each one promising a unique adventure. The friendly staff, armed with their vast knowledge and enthusiasm, welcomed travelers with open arms. They listened attentively, understanding the desires and aspirations of their clients. With meticulous attention to detail, they curated tailor-made selecting the perfect flights, accommodations, and activities. They transformed mere dreams into unforgettable journeys, offering peace of mind and a personal touch. In a world dominated by digital platforms, this retail travel agency remained a cherished destination, where human connections and expert guidance thrived, inspiring a love for exploration and transforming travel aspirations into cherished memories.
Tetyana Rylova OS-221 (Duvanskaya I.F.) (Sunday, 04 June 2023 17:52)
https://voca.ro/1nsLSRDhynGB
Tourism business is an economic activity that is connected with continuous and regular buying and selling of travel-related services to meet human needs. The travel industry has been adopted as a service industry. In the field of tourism, service. When business agencies were established to sell travel-related services, the tourism industry was born and the travel business flourished. Travel business is a complex concept as the industry involves a lot activities that together produce a tourism product, i.e. a travel experience. This is also complex due to different sub-sectors of tourism products. Also, it is important to note that the Tourist Agency is one of the most important organizations in the field of tourism the private sector, which plays a significant and crucial role in the whole process development and promotion of tourism in the country or destination.
Duvanskaya I. from Foreign Languages Department (Sunday, 23 April 2023 07:49)
To Татьяна Рылова ОС-221.Tanya your review on April 11th is complete and laconic.The voice message is wonderful. Well done! Keep on working
Татьяна Рылова ОС-221 (Дуванская И. Ф.) (Tuesday, 11 April 2023 16:25)
https://voca.ro/19J3J7aXCIs7
Мanagement is the process of achieving organizational goals in a changing environment. Central to this process is the use of limited resources. Management ability is the demonstrated ability to achieve organizational goals .Мanagerial success - ability x motivation to manage x opportunity - is an ideal formula for achieving good results and self-improvement. If you regularly practice and study the theory, you will quickly achieve respectability. Efficiency is the achievement of a set, specific goal. Efficiency appears only when the resources needed to achieve a goal are compared with what has already been achieved before. The more favorable the ratio of benefits and costs,
the greater the efficiency.
Duvanskaya I. from Foreign Languages Department (Monday, 10 April 2023 14:37)
To Tetyana Rylova OS-221. Tetyana, your review on Macroeconomics is informative enough.I can see the active vocabulary from this lesson that you use in your message. Mispronounced words are pricing, concepts. I ′d like to hear your point of view on this theme. Your comment is credited. Go on working.
Duvanskaya I. from Foreign Languages Department (Monday, 10 April 2023 14:28)
To Tetiana Rylova OS-221. Tetiana, thank you for your review on March 28th. It is informative enough, but I can′t see your point of view on this matter.Mispronounced words are outsourced, developed, activities. Pay attention to them. Your comment is credited. Go on working.
Duvanskaya I. from Foreign Languages Department (Monday, 10 April 2023 14:21)
To Katerina Alekseenko. OS - 221. Katerina, thanks for your industrious comment on International Economics.There were some mispronounced words in your message and next time add your opinion on this matter. Your review is credited. Go on working.
Duvanskaya I. from Foreign Languages Department (Monday, 10 April 2023 14:13)
To Iryna Sorochan. OS-221. Iryna, thank you for your comment on International Economics. It is quite informative. Pay attention to my corrections: That is, it studies;Mispronounced words are: era, interdependence. Next time add your opinion on this matter.Your review is credited. Go on working.
Duvanskaya I. from Foreign Languages Department (Monday, 10 April 2023 14:04)
To OS-221 Tsopa Marianna.
Marianna, thank you for your comment for March 26th. It deserves a praise. Next time add your opinion on this matter.Good job. Your review is credited. Good luck!
Tetyana Rylova OS-221 (Duvanskaya I.F.) (Tuesday, 04 April 2023 20:43)
https://voca.ro/1j7MCvX24Eap
Macroeconomics deals with the performance, structure, and behavior of the entire economy,
in contrast to microeconomics , which is more focused on the choices made by individual actors
in the economy (like people, households, etc.).Individuals are typically classified into subgroups, such as buyers, sellers , and business owners. These actors interact with each other according to the laws
of supply and demand for resources, using money and interest rates as pricing mechanisms for
coordination. It is necessary to stress out that the law of supply and demand is perhaps one of the
most fundamental concepts and it is the backbone of a market economy. Supply represents how much the market can
supply. The quantity supplied of a given good is the quantity that producers are willing to supply when they receive a given price.
Tetiana Rylova OS-221 for I. F. Duvanska (Tuesday, 28 March 2023 18:32)
https://voca.ro/17XSbtVHvWS3
International Economics is an exciting and dynamic subject that equips students with the tools
with which to tackle important real-world issues in this age of globalisation and financial integration. Goods made in Asia can be
sold in Europe at a fraction of the cost and technology has allowed activities to be outsourced for greater efficiency. As a result, governments have to carefully consider their trade policies.
Ever since 19th-century economists put forth their theories of international economics, the
subject has consisted of two distinct but connected parts: the “pure theory of international
trade" and the “theory of balance-of-payments adjustments”. Over the years, the field of international economics has developed drastically with various theoretical,
empirical, and descriptive contributions. The economic activities between nations differ from activities within nations.
Katerina Alekseenko. OS - 221.(I.F. Duvanska) (Monday, 27 March 2023 16:08)
https://voca.ro/1hQ1a2KPVKp7
International economics is an exciting and dynamic subject that can be used to solve important real-world problems in this era of globalization and finance.
integration.
Globalization has become the reason for the integration of world markets.
There are two theories of the international economy: the "balance of payments adjustment theory" and the "pure theory of international trade."
The international economy has become one of the most important concepts for countries.
International economics refers to the study of international forces that influence domestic economic conditions and shape economic relations between countries. In other words, it studies the economic interdependence between countries and its impact on the economy.
Iryna Sorochan. OS-221. (I.F. Duvanska) (Monday, 27 March 2023 13:17)
https://voca.ro/1jU6CpAtQMdP
International Economics is an exciting and dynamic subject that provides students with the tools to address critical real-world issues in an era of globalization and financial integration. Globalization has witnessed the integration of world markets. There are two theories of international economics: the "pure theory of international trade" and the "balance of payments adjustment theory." International economics refers to the study of international forces that influence domestic economic conditions and shape economic relations between countries. That is, he studies the economic interdependence of countries and its impact on the economy. The international economy also emerged as one of the most important concepts of the state.
OS-221 Tsopa Marianna (Duvanska I.F.) (Sunday, 26 March 2023 17:20)
https://voca.ro/1jyaUX44ueCI
International economics deals with issues arising from economic interaction among sovereign nations. In addition, international economics asks questions about global economic challenges such as globalization, population growth, demand for resources, and pollution. A big part of international economics concerns trade between nations. Today, all nations import goods and services from other nations and export goods and services to other countries. Economics theory says that international trade brings many benefits to countries around the world. International economics is concerned with the effects upon economic activity from international differences in productive resources and consumer preferences and the international institutions that affect them.
Duvanskaya I. from Foreign Languages Department (Sunday, 25 December 2022 19:56)
To OS-221 Tsopa Marianna.Thanks for the informative review about business. Pay attention to my note:Many business owners are still familiar with default.I appreciate your opinion on this matter.Go on working
Duvanskaya I. from Foreign Languages Department (Sunday, 25 December 2022 18:50)
ToAnna Rybak OS-221. Anna, your comment is clear and laconic but pay attention to the reading of these words: mature, repaid.Good job!
Duvanskaya I. from Foreign Languages Department (Sunday, 25 December 2022 18:46)
To Anna Rybak OS-221. Anna, thanks for your informative review about launching a business. Pay attention to the reading of these words: industries; associated. Next time add your opinion on this matter.Go on working.
Duvanskaya I. from Foreign Languages Department (Sunday, 25 December 2022 18:39)
To Rylova Tetyana OS-221. Tetyana, thank you for your clear and laconic review on lesson 5. It is well done!
OS-221 Tsopa Marianna (Duvanska I.F.) (Friday, 23 December 2022 17:41)
https://voca.ro/152UkEx473WJ
A business must be supplied with finance at the moment it requires it. Most of the money used by business comes from the sale of its products and services. Many business owners still default to familiar, conventional options when they need financing, and there are three basic ways to go about it. It can be achieved by using internal funds, organising debt finance, arranging equity finance. Comparing different organizations to try to decide which one offers the best investment opportunity is very complex. Each organization is unique. Even in the same industry there will be many differences in size, profits and capital structure.
Anna Rybak OS-221 (Duvanska I.F.) (Thursday, 22 December 2022 19:28)
https://voca.ro/1enLQUgBpjN9
Most of the money used by business comes from the sale of its products and services. Since these funds come from within the firm they are described as internal funds. The rest must come from outside, or external funds. As a firm sells its products or services, it receives money, which it uses to meet its expenses. Business loans are generally classified as either short-term or long-term loans. For short-term loans, the principal must be repaid within one year. Longterm loans mature in more than a year. A security exchange is a market where brokers meet to buy and sell stocks and bonds for their customers.
Anna Rybak OS-221 (Duvanska I.F.) (Thursday, 22 December 2022 18:51)
https://voca.ro/15hsRDTZ8Pmq
Entrepreneurs are people who own their own business and manage it, hoping to make a profit. 2. Now many higher education institutions offer programs who teach students how to start a business and manage it. 3. About 50 percent of entrepreneurs started their business in those industries in which they already had certain experience. 4. In large business, the tasks associated with organization and management are performed by many hired managers. 5. Large and small businesses organize their work differently to achieve their goals. 6. A joint stock company, a sole proprietorship is different types of business organizations. 7. A sole proprietorship is a business run by one person.
Rylova Tetyana OS-221 (Duvanskaya I.F.) (Tuesday, 20 December 2022 16:01)
https://voca.ro/1GQrFnQeVbzH
Lesson 5
Many business leaders begin their careers as entrepreneurs after four years of undergraduate college training and even additional graduate school training. Others become successful entrepreneurs without special training.
In addition, small business profits tend to fall faster, and small businesses are more likely to fail.
Sole proprietorships are the most numerous kind of business organization, but most are very small. The reason for their popularity is that they are the easiest and least costly for organize.
A partnership is a business organization that is owned by two or more persons. Partnerships offer certain advantages over sole proprietorships:
* Partners bring additional funds to a proprietorship.
* Partners can bring fresh ideas and talents to business organizations.
A corporation is a business organization created under a government charter. Ownership of a corporation is represented by shares of stock, and for that reason corporate owners are known as stockholders.
Duvanskaya I. from Foreign Languages Department (Monday, 19 December 2022 21:48)
OS-221 Reznichenko Nadia. Nadia , thank you for your review about launching a business. It is informative enough . Your reading is clear and free. But there were some grammar mistakes in your comment:Small business faces, partnership and pay attention to the reading of the word: Other.Go on working.
OS-221 Reznichenko Nadia(Duvanskaya I.F.) (Monday, 19 December 2022 09:32)
Many colleges now offer programs that teach students how to start and operate a business. Small business face many problems. In January, 1985 the National Federation of Independent Business reported that the four top problems facing small business at that time were taxes, slow sales, the high cost of borrowing money and competition from other business. A corporation is one kind of business organization. Other kinds of business organizations are sole proprietorship and partnerships.This text was very helpful. There are many new words and concepts, the knowledge of which will be useful to me in the future. Thank you.
https://voca.ro/1g5VsuzwXXM9
Duvanskaya I. from Foreign Languages Department (Sunday, 18 December 2022 21:47)
To Iryna Sorochan. OS-221.Thanks for your review on lesson 6. It is laconic and informative but there were mispronounced words in your voice message: external, clients, pieces, prospectus. Pay attention to them.Go on working.
Duvanskaya I. from Foreign Languages Department (Sunday, 18 December 2022 21:41)
To OS-221 Tsopa Marianna.Marianna, thanks for your review on lesson 5. It is informative enough and your reading is free and fluent. My notes are:You can learn about; to start a business.Go on working
Duvanskaya I. from Foreign Languages Department (Sunday, 18 December 2022 21:34)
To Katerina Alekseenko. OS - 221. Katerina, thanks for your review on Lesson 6. It is informative enough but I would like to know your point of view on this issue.Good for you!
Iryna Sorochan. OS-221. (I.F. Duvanska) (Sunday, 18 December 2022 20:15)
https://voca.ro/15rqhExjlByZ
The company makes most of its money by selling its products and services. Since these funds come from within the company, they are called internal funds. The rest must come from outside or external funds. A stock exchange is a market where brokers come together to buy and sell stocks and bonds for their clients. The largest exchanges are the New York Stock Exchange and the American Stock Exchange. The two most important pieces of information contained in any prospectus and annual report are the balance sheet and the income statement.
OS-221 Tsopa Marianna (Duvanska I.F.) (Sunday, 18 December 2022 19:27)
https://voca.ro/1abU2qEhdxsK
There's never a "right" time to start a business. You should start a business when you have the time, attention, and funds to commit to it. Having your own business can give you personal independence, unlimited profit potential, the opportunity to work at something that they really love at house they choose. Starting a business is never easy. You'll need to decide on your service or product offering, what your target audience will be and when it's a good time to launch. You can to learn about a business while working for someone else. It provides a source of steady income to people while they are planning to start business.
Katerina Alekseenko. OS - 221.(I.F. Duvanska) (Friday, 16 December 2022 18:00)
https://voca.ro/1cLGxWCA3l5i
Most of the money used by a business comes from the sale of its products and services. These funds come from the firm itself, they are called internal funds.
When a firm sells its products or services, it receives money that it uses to cover its costs.
Business loans are usually classified as either short-term or long-term loans. For short-term loans, the principal amount must be repaid within one year, while long-term loans are repayable after more than a year.
A stock exchange is a market where brokers meet to buy and sell stocks and bonds for their clients.
The two most important pieces of information are the balance sheet and income statement.
Duvanskaya I. from Foreign Languages Department (Wednesday, 07 December 2022 20:02)
To Katerina Alekseenko. OS - 221. Katerina, thanks for your laconic review on lesson 5. It is well done! Go on working.
Katerina Alekseenko. OS - 221.(I.F. Duvanska) (Tuesday, 06 December 2022 09:24)
https://voca.ro/1d5nLwXIaKdH
There are many reasons that make people think about their own business. Personal independence, unlimited profit potential and many others.
The usual way to learn about a business is to learn by working for someone else. About 50 percent of entrepreneurs start their business in industries in which they have some experience.
Bad economic times affect small businesses more than big businesses. Small business profits tend to fall faster and crash more often.
The ownership of a corporation by shares is represented, and for this reason the owners of a corporation are known as stockholders. The peculiarity of the corporation is that the courts consider it as a legal "person".
Duvanskaya I.F. (Tuesday, 29 November 2022 09:29)
To Iryna Sorochan. OS-221.
Thanks, for your review on lesson 5. Pay attention to this note: A partnership is a business organization.... I 'd like to know your opinion on this issue. In general, your comment is informative enough. Go on working.
Iryna Sorochan. OS-221. (I.F. Duvanska) (Monday, 28 November 2022 16:30)
https://voca.ro/1ntGxK7vcGpB
There are many reasons that make people think about starting their own business. Personal independence, unlimited earning potential, being able to work on something they truly enjoy and at the hours they choose are some of the reasons people have given to try entrepreneurship. A corporation is a commercial organization created under a government charter. Ownership of a corporation is represented by shares, and for this reason the owners of the corporation are known as shareholders. The peculiarity of a corporation is that the courts consider it as a legal "person".A company is an economic organization owned by two or more persons.
Duvanskaya I. from Foreign Languages Department (Sunday, 27 November 2022 06:04)
To OS-221 Tsopa Marianna. Marianna, your feedback for November 9th deserves an excellent assessment .Your reading is free and fluent.Good for you!
Duvanskaya I. from Foreign Languages Department (Sunday, 27 November 2022 05:55)
To Tetyana Rylova OS-221.Thanks for your creative complete answer. Your feedback for November 13th is great. Pay attention to the reading of these words: implementation, percentage, industries. I really appreciate everything that you do .Good job!
Duvanskaya I. from Foreign Languages Department (Sunday, 27 November 2022 05:45)
To OS-221 Tsopa Marianna . Thanks for your review on the "pillars" of economic system. It is laconic and informative enough but I cannot see your opinion on this issue . Pay attention to the reading of the word( answer). Keep up the good work!
Tetyana Rylova OS-221 (Duvanskaya I.F.) (Sunday, 13 November 2022 14:40)
https://voca.ro/18yiFGxiyusS
Basic information is combined with practical experience and advice from successful business consultants. These programs help potential entrepreneurs decide if their own ideas are good and how to implement them.
The usual way to learn about a business and opportunities to start one is to learn while working for someone else. It provides a source of stable income for people while they plan to start their own business.
About 50 percent of entrepreneurs start their business in industries in which they have some experience.
The ownership of a corporation is represented by shares, and for this reason the owners of corporations are known as shareholders. That is why, if you want to create your own business, you should pay attention to all the details. Pay special attention to marketing and management.
OS-221 Tsopa Marianna (Duvanska I.F.) (Wednesday, 09 November 2022 16:34)
https://voca.ro/1fzg5NeFMEZz
The role of a consumer in an economic system is critical because it is consumers who purchase goods. Most of the income you are likely to earn will come from work. To help keep track of income and expenditures, many people use personal budgets. The consumer is thought to be able to order the various sets of quantities of goods and services that fit in the limited budget according to his or her preferences. Because consumers make up the largest economic sector, the level of consumer spending has a direct impact on the economy as a whole.
OS-221 Tsopa Marianna (Duvanska I.F.) (Tuesday, 08 November 2022 17:33)
https://voca.ro/1fWwFZXwLSpJ
The "pillars" of economic system are private property, the price system and competition. The price system provides the answers to the fundamental questions of: "What goods and services will be produced?"; "How they will be produced?"; "Who will receive them?". Private property promotes efficiency by giving the owner of resources an incentive to maximize its value. The more valuable a resource, the more trading power it provides the owner of the resource. Economic incentives influence our decisions about what and where to buy. The gross national product is the total value of all the goods and services produced by the American economy in a single year.
Duvanskaya I. from Foreign Languages Department (Tuesday, 08 November 2022 13:06)
To Iryna Sorochan. OS-221. Iryna, thank you for your review on November 7th. It is quite informative and laconic, but I would like to know more about your point of view on this issue.There were mispronounced words on your voice message: purchased, certain, expenditures, equal. Keep on working. Good luck!
Duvanskaya I. from Foreign Languages Department (Tuesday, 08 November 2022 10:58)
To Anna Rybak OS-221 . Anna, thank you for your review on November 7th. It is laconic and informative enough. Pay attention to pronunciation of the word:others ; and the expression( budget money) is used without any article.Next time add your point of view on this issue.Keep on working. Good luck!
Duvanskaya I. from Foreign Languages Department (Monday, 07 November 2022 22:27)
To Anna Rybak OS-221. Anna, your review on November 7th is informative enough and deserves the praise. I would like to know your opinion on this matter. Go on working!
Duvanskaya I. from Foreign Languages Department (Monday, 07 November 2022 22:22)
To Katerina Alekseenko. OS - 221.Thanks for review on November 6th. Your comment is commendable.Well done! Go on working.
Anna Rybak OS-221 (Duvanska I.F.) (Monday, 07 November 2022 16:55)
https://voca.ro/1l9zeb3mqYsW
The term «wage» typically refers to the earning of workers paid by the hour or unit of production. «Salary» refers to earning paid on a weekly or monthly basis. Wealth can be expressed as the value of the things you own. Used in certain ways, wealth can earn income. If you owned a motorcycle, you might be able to let others use it for a fee. A budget is a financial plan that summarizes income and expenditures over a period of time. When proposed expenses are greater than expected income, the budget is said to have a deficit credit yield income insurance salary a budget money. Budgets in which income exceeds expenditures will have a surplus.
Iryna Sorochan. OS-221. (I.F. Duvanska) (Monday, 07 November 2022 16:38)
https://voca.ro/16vqjVFP7cFT
The law of demand describes the relationship between prices and the quantity of goods and services that would be purchased at each price. Demand is a consumer's willingness and ability to buy a product or service at a particular time and place.Many people use personal budgets to keep track of income and expenses. A budget is a financial plan that summarizes income and expenses for a certain period of time. When the budget has expenditures exactly equal to revenues, it is called balanced. If proposed expenditures exceed expected revenue, the budget is said to be in deficit.
Anna Rybak OS-221 (Duvanska I.F.) (Monday, 07 November 2022 15:36)
https://voca.ro/1mdHagdh9h0D
As a general rule, the more scarce something is, the higher its price will be, and the fewer people will want to buy it. Prices encourage producers to increase or decrease their level of output. Demand is a consumer's willingness and ability to buy a product or service at a particular time and place. The law of demand describes the relationship between prices and the quantity of goods and services that would be purchased at each price. If total revenue increased following a price decrease, demand would be elastic. If the price decrease led to a decrease in total revenue, the demand for the item would be described as inelastic.
Katerina Alekseenko. OS - 221.(I.F. Duvanska) (Sunday, 06 November 2022 12:51)
https://voca.ro/1jSqlPWAgr6f
The term "wage" usually refers to the earning of workers paid by the hour or unit of production. "Salary" refers to earning paid weekly or monthly. How much you earn depend on your job, your abilities and a number of other factors.
When you add up the value of all your possessions with bank accounts, savings, and the like this will give you the total amount of your wealth.
Wealth in the form of money that is lent to others or deposited in a savings account will earn interest.
Interest and rent are two forms of income that can be earned from wealth.
One of the main reasons people save their money is to earn interest, the income from allowing someone else to use one's capital.
Duvanskaya I. from Foreign Languages Department (Sunday, 06 November 2022 11:23)
Tetyana Rylova OS-221. Tetyana , your review deserves the highest rating. Well done. Thank you.