Лексико-грамматические единицы

Грамматическая тема

Пример употребления в предложении

than

чем;

кроме;

как;

чтобы; 

Conjunction: Союз

In contrast, the concentrations of temperature recorded in this study were approximately equivalent or less than those reported for the same basin (range 26°C–32°C) by.

that

то;

тот;

который;

та;

что;

чтобы; 

1.Pronouns: Mестоимения

2.Conjunction: Союз

The use of heterogeneous catalysts minimizes environmental damage and improves the effectiveness of the process that reduces the biodiesel cost.

Scientists have now discovered that bacteria from the guts of a worm known to munch on food packaging can degrade polyethylene, the most common plastic.

the

указывает на то, что данный предмет или лицо известны говорящему;

перед сущ. для выделения предмета или явления внутри данной категории, данного класса предметов и явлений; 

The definite article: 

Определенный артикль

Plastic is well-known for sticking around in the environment for years without breaking down, contributing significantly to litter and landfills.

their

их;
свои;
свой;
свое;

Possessive Pronouns: of they.
Притяжательные местоимения: от they.

Since O-glycosides can be easily hydrolyzed by enzymes present in the human body, we have focused on attachment of a sugar moiety via a C-glycosidic bond, reasoning that their greater stability will improve the bioavailability without affecting the antiproliferative activity. 

theirs

их;

Possessive Pronouns: ofthey.
Притяжательные местоимения: от they.

Chloraloses are also used as starting material for the synthesis of new compounds in carbohydrate chemistry due to potentially biological activity and stable protection in the 1,2-O-positions of theirs.

them

их;

им;

Personal Pronouns; the third Person pl. Objective case of they: Личные местоимения; 3-е лицо. Множественное число. Объектный падеж they. 

At preliminary biological studies the synthesized compounds have shown growth stimulant properties; the activity of four of them was higher than 70%, compared with heteroauxin.

themselves

самих себя;

сами;

себя;

себе; 

Reflexive pronouns: Возвратные местоимения, 3-е лицо. Множественное число.

Researchers in this lab use the batteries to probe the structure and chemistry of the melanin pigments themselves to better understand how they work.

then

затем;

тогда;

потом;

в то время;

в таком

случае;

к тому же;

кроме того;

тогдашний;

существовавший в то время; 

1.Adverb: Наречие.

2.The Adjective: Имя прилагательное

A significant feedback in the Earth’s climate system is the increase in atmospheric water vapor as the Earth warms, because increased water vapor then further increases greenhouse warming.

Even though Lang's statements contributing to neural mechanism of arterial hypertension generation were reasonable, experiments, conducted by then head scientist, Dr. Lambda, proved Lang's works wrong and made them out-of-date and forgotten.

there

там;

туда;

здесь;

тут;

вон;

на этом месте;

есть;

имеется;

имеются; 

1.Adverb of place: Наречие места.

2. there is/there are Construction: Оборот there is/there are.

The secret research facility Dr. Freeman has shown us was fascinating - experiments, that are being conducted there, are unknown even to the greatest chemists of nowadays.

However, tests with antihistamines had indicated that there were possibly two types of histamine (H) receptor, one of which did not respond to antihistamines.

therefore

поэтому;

следовательно;

потому;

Complex Adverb: Сложные Наречия

It was expressed by Fennell that prescription of this plant for the treatment of ailments should be treated with caution, and rigorous toxicological and clinical studies are necessary before they are widely prescribed for use in traditional medicine as they can cause damage to the DNA and might therefore have long-term effects on the body.

these

эти;

Demonstrative Pronouns; pl. of this:  Указательные местоимения. Множественное число от this.

However, these same properties make compounds persist beyond their usefulness, so much current work is focused on making photodegradable or other more environmentally friendly versions.

they

они;

Personal Pronouns; the third Person pl.:

Личные местоимения; 3-е лицо.  Множественное число.

Polymer chemists need to adopt a business outlook in their work and understand the commercial applications of the polymers they are developing and the needs of the market they are serving.

they'd

Они бы;

Они уже; 

Contraction: they should; would ; had:

Cокращение разг. =  they should; would ; had.

First, they’d to develop an ink with living human cells that would keep its shape after printing.

they'll

они будут;

Contraction - they will, they shall: Cокращениеразг. = hey will, they shall.

Eventually, when their tests end, they’ll come up with a credible ersatz aroma (furfuryl mercaptan with traces of methyl mercaptan), which was converted into an industrial process.

they're

они...

Contraction - they are

Cокр. разг. = they are.

Knowing about calories, proteins, fats, and carbohydrates can help people make decisions about the foods they buy and eat, especially if they’re overweight or obese.

they've

они уже;

у них есть;

Contraction - they have:

Cокр. разг. = they  have.

Now, researchers report in the journal ACS Nano that they’ve identified a unique “breathprint” for each disease, and using this information, they have created a device that screens breath samples to classify and diagnose several types of diseases.

this

это;

этот;

эта; 

Demonstrative Pronouns; sing.:  Указательные местоимения. Eдинственное число.

Though the phytochemistry of this plant has been well researched, there is a scantiness of information on the additive or synergistic effects of the chief compounds.

those

тех;

те;

теми; 

Demonstrative Pronouns; pl. of that:  Указательные местоимения. Множественное число от that.

The test subject group would include people at risk of developing Alzheimer's, such as those who are obese, have high blood pressure or high cholesterol.

though

хотя;
несмотря на;

даже, если бы;
хотя бы; однако; 

1.Conjunction: Союз

2.Adverb: Наречие

Though high-volume routine instrumental analyses using well-defined procedures are automated, knowledge of the organic, inorganic, and physical chemistry of the sample and the measurement is valuable, particularly when troubleshooting.

Even though various metal complexes were synthesized, characterized, and identified in recent years, their potential applicability as fluorophores and their practical use as biochemical probes would be at an infant stage due to limitations such as bio toxicity.

through

через;

посредством;

сквозь;

благодаря;

вследствие;

по причине;

сквозной;

прямой; 

1.Preposition of place:

Предлог места

2.Adverb: Наречие

3.The Adjective: Имя прилагательное

While ozone can be found through the entire atmosphere, it is mostly concentrated at an altitude of about 15 miles.

Science showcases chemistry's critical, but often-hidden role in protecting the innocent through collection and accurate analysis of crime-scene and other evidence.

throughout

на протяжении;

по всему;

через;

в продолжение;

повсюду;

через;

на всем протяжении;

во всех отношениях;

совершенно; 

1.Complex Prepositions:

Сложные Предлоги.

2.Adverb: Наречие.

To achieve the set targets, experts say capturing and storing carbon must be part of the solution, and several projects throughout the world are already trying to make that happen.

The main function of the small intestine is to absorb nutrients and minerals from food - following absorption, nutrients travel through the bloodstream to organs and tissues throughout the body.

thus

таким образом;

поэтому;

так;

до такой степени;

настолько; 

Adverb: Наречие.

Thus the possible positive and negative feedbacks associated with increased water vapor and cloud formation can cancel one another out and complicate matters.

till

до;

пока;

не раньше;

пока;

до тех пор, пока;

1.Preposition:

Предлог.

2.Conjunction: Союз.

It was observed a decrease of activation energy with the increase of salt content till 10% and at higher salt concentration an increase of activation energy.

All reported fluorophore used as sensors are having high selectivity and sensitivity but till there is more demand to synthesized new fluorophore which have improved fluorescence properties and good biocompatibility.

to

к;

в;

до;

на;

для;

1.Preposition:

Предлог.

2.The Infinitive Particle: Частица при инфинитиве.

Phytochemical fractionation of the CHCl₃-soluble fraction of the MeOH extract led to the isolation of five 2-benzyl benzofurans.

A methanol extract of the tubers of Ophiopogon japonicus was found to strongly inhibit NO production.

too

тоже;

слишком;

также;

очень;

чересчур;

к тому же;

кроме того;

более того;

действительно; 

Adverb: Наречие

It appears that too long a reaction time did not promote greater formation of dicarbamate - but rather resulted in a reduced yield.

toward

к;

в направлении;

по отношению к;

по направлению к;

для;

около;

с тем, чтобы;

Preposition: Предлог

The carcinogenicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity, neurotoxicity and chronic toxicity toward humans and animals have been experimentally proven.

towards

к;

в направлении;

по отношению к;

по направлению к;

навстречу;

для;

около;

с тем, чтобы; 

Preposition: Предлог

The sensor's sensitivity towards ammonia as well as crosssensitivity towards pH-value and salinity, and the temperature dependency have been determined.